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                <title>Epitaph of Festus</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>created by</resp>
                    <name>Fabio Spalla</name>
                    <note>Imported from Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg at 2024-07-11T12:00:14, ID there: HD009235</note>
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                    <msIdentifier>
                        <repository>Córdoba, in situ</repository>
                        <idno></idno>
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                                        <width>116.0</width>
                                        <height>26.5</height>
                                        <depth>50.0</depth>
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                                    <rs type="execution" ref="https://db.mappola.eu/r/ProseVersePresences/show/4">Verse</rs>
                                    

                                    

                                    
                                    <rs type="execution" ref="https://db.mappola.eu/r/VerseLineCorrespondences/show/9">Yes</rs>
                                    

                                    
                                    <rs type="execution" ref="https://db.mappola.eu/r/CarmenReadingSigns/show/17">To separate words - Interpunction </rs>
                                    

                                    
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                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <placeName type="ancient"
                                    ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/256128">
                                    Corduba
                                </placeName>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate notBefore-custom="0171" notAfter-custom="0230"
                                datingMethod="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar"
                                evidence="palaeography">171-230</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found">
                            <placeName type="ancient"
                                ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/256128">
                                Corduba
                            </placeName>
                            <placeName type="findspot">Quarter of the Judería, calle Deanes, found during foundation works for the restaurant &#34;El Caballo Rojo&#34;, 1970.</placeName>
                            <geo>37.8847 -4.77917</geo>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed">Reused in the northern wall of one of the patios.</provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="squeeze-taken">no</provenance>
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            <langUsage>
                <language ident="grc">Greek</language>
                <language ident="grc-la">Greek-Latin</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin</language>
                <language ident="mul">Multilingual</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek written in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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                <p>
                    <listPerson>
                        <person gender="Male" age="13-20" role="Dedicatee">
                            <persName>
                                <name>Festus</name>
                            </persName>
                        </person>
                        
                    </listPerson>
                </p>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2024-07-11T12:00:12" who="Unknown"></change>
            <change when="2024-07-28T18:06:37" who="Eric Andreas Kunz"></change>
            <change when="2024-07-28T18:06:56" who="Eric Andreas Kunz"></change>
            <change when="2025-01-29T14:55:38" who="Anna Pokorny"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-29T07:32:59" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-29T07:59:20" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-29T08:40:42" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-10-19T12:23:09" who="Chiara Cenati"></change>
            <change when="2026-08-26T11:58:44" who="Anna Martelli"></change>
            
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    <facsimile>
        <graphic url="https://institucional.us.es/cleo/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/co15.jpg"><desc>Source: CLEO CO15
(c) A. U. Stylow</desc></graphic>
        
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    <text>
        <body>
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="la">
                <ab><lg met="dactylic.hexameter">
<div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="Column A:">
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">n</supplied><unclear>o</unclear>verat unum</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>t et pia nutrix</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><supplied reason="lost">c</supplied><unclear>o</unclear>epit et unus</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>a</unclear> fiant</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">m</supplied>ater habebit.</l>
</div>
<div type="textpart" subtype="textpart" n="Column B:">
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="6"/>Sum genere Macedon, <choice><reg>sed</reg><orig>set</orig></choice> in arvis Baeticae partus.</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="7"/>Quintus post dec<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>mum revolu<hi rend="tall"></hi>tus <hi rend="tall">f</hi>ugerat annu<hi rend="tall">s</hi>,</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="8"/>et iam iamque viro toga se sociare parabat.</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="9"/>Deficiunt fata, totus labor excidit hora.</l>
<l met="dactylic.hexameter"><lb n="10"/><hi rend="tall">H</hi>ic ego sum positus festus de nomine Festi.</l>
</div>
</lg></ab>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <p>Text follows CLEBetica. Picture checked by Spalla 2025.
l. 2: [---]ạt, CIL.
l. 5: ...ater, Mellado and Vila.
l. 7: decimum, Mellado and Vila; AE 1972; CIL; Gómez Pallarès; CLEHisp; Mellado Rodríguez; CLE.</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en" resp="Fabio Spalla">
                <p>Column A:
... only knew ... and his devoted wetnurse ... began, and he alone ... happen ... his mother will have.

Column B:
I am a Macedonian by stock, but was born in the fields of Baetica. My fifth year had passed, slipping away after the tenth, and the toga was just ready to join me in my manhood. Destiny deserts me, all trouble disappears in a moment. I lie here, joyous as by my name Festus.</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="Spanish" resp="C. Fernández Martínez, R. Carande Herrero">
                <p>A. *...* Sólo lo conocía a él. *...* también su piadosa nodriza*... *empezó y sólo él*...* ocurran*...* lo tendrá su madre.

B. Soy macedonio de origen, pero nacido en los campos de la Bética. Mi decimoquinto año, ya transcurrido, se había marchado, y la toga estaba a punto de asociarse a mí, hecho ya un hombre varón. Me abandonan los hados; todo el esfuerzo se ha desvanecido en un momento. Aquí estoy yo enterrado, feliz de acuerdo a mi nombre: &#34;Festo&#34;.</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>Dating proposed by Stylow (CIL). Thigpen proposes an earlist dating to the 1st or 2nd century AD, based on metrical features and the reference to Festus&#39; Macedonian origins.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography">
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl>CIL 02 (2nd ed.), 07, 00389 (with photo, tab. 14, fig.6; also on dating)</bibl>
                    <bibl>CLEBEtica CO3 (with Spanish translation and photos, 144)</bibl>
                    <bibl>CLEHisp 00027</bibl>
                    <bibl>CLE 02339</bibl>
                    <bibl>J. Mellado, J. M. Vila, Una inscripcion romana hallada en Córdoba, Habis 3 (1972), 321-324 (with Spanish translation) - AE 1972</bibl>
                    <bibl>AE 1972, 00276 (Column B), 00277 (Column A)</bibl>
                    <bibl>E. W. Haley, Foreigners in Roman imperial Spain: investigations of geographical mobility in the Spanish provinces of the Roman Empire 30 B.C.-A.D. 284, New York 1986, 154.</bibl>
                    <bibl>J. B. Thigpen, A literary analysis of Latin epitaphs from Roman Spain which contain creative biographical discourse, Chapel Hill 1995, 88-91, no. 14 (with English translation of Column B; also on alternative dating)</bibl>
                    <bibl>R. Hernández Pérez, Poesía latina sepulcral de la Hispania romana: estudios de los tópicos y sus formulaciones, Valencia 2001, 8-10, 56-57, 191.</bibl>
                    <bibl>J. Gómez Pallarès, Humor &#34;negro&#34;: el diálogo entre vivos y muertos en la poesía epigráfica latina, Exemplaria classica. Journal of classical philology 11 (2007), 177-178.</bibl>
                    <bibl>S. Medina Quintana, Mujeres y economía en la Hispania romana. Oficios, riqueza y promoción social, Oviedo 2014, 88.</bibl>
                    <bibl>J. Mellado Rodríguez, Acerca del epitafio latino de El Caballo Rojo, Boletín de la Real Academia de Córdoba 166 (2017), 273-288 (with Spanish translation of Column B and photos, 284, fig. 1, 287, fig. 5)</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://institucional.us.es/cleo/index.php/inscripcion/co15-cil-ii2-7-389/?lang=es | CLEO CO15</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://edcs.hist.uzh.ch/monument/09000410 | EDCS-09000410</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/inschrift/HD009235 | HD009235</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://hepol.uah.es/pub/record_card_1.php?rec=3970 | HEpOl 3970</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://www.mqdq.it/textsce/CE|appe|0222 | MQDQ</bibl>
                    
                </listBibl>
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