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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Epitaph of the charioteer Aelius Hermeros by his father Hermia, a public slave</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>created by</resp>
                    <name>Fabio Spalla</name>
                    <note></note>
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                <idno type="localID">MPL02226</idno>
                <idno type="TM">228807</idno>
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                        <repository>Cuenca, Museo de Cuenca</repository>
                        <idno>AA74/15/2100</idno>
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                                    <objectType ref="https://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/250">stele</objectType>
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                                        <width>52.0</width>
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                                    <rs type="decoration">Inscription within frame. D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) engraved above the frame. Ll. 11-14 engraved below the frame.</rs>
                                    
                                    
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                                    <height unit="cm">2.0-6.5</height>
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                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <placeName type="ancient"
                                    ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/266092">
                                    Valeria
                                </placeName>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate notBefore-custom="0171" notAfter-custom="0230"
                                datingMethod="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar"
                                evidence="palaeography">171-230</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found">
                            <placeName type="ancient"
                                ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/266092">
                                Valeria
                            </placeName>
                            <placeName type="findspot">Found inside the old well of Valeria, so-called Fuente Vieja.</placeName>
                            <geo>39.8112 -2.14935</geo>
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                        <provenance type="observed"></provenance>
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                <language ident="grc">Greek</language>
                <language ident="grc-la">Greek-Latin</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin</language>
                <language ident="mul">Multilingual</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek written in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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                <p>
                    <listPerson>
                        <person gender="Male" age="21-60" role="Dedicatee">
                            <persName>
                                <name>Aelius Hermeros</name>
                            </persName>
                        </person>
                        <person gender="Male" age="none" role="Dedicator">
                            <persName>
                                <name>Hermia</name>
                            </persName>
                        </person>
                        
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2025-09-05T09:02:47" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-05T09:04:42" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-05T11:06:03" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-05T13:26:05" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-05T13:27:23" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-05T13:28:51" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-05T13:50:07" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-08T17:57:05" who="Chiara Cenati"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-08T17:59:41" who="Chiara Cenati"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-09T06:15:08" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-09T06:19:32" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-09T06:27:04" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-09T06:33:51" who="Fabio Spalla"></change>
            <change when="2025-09-09T09:54:39" who="Chiara Cenati"></change>
            <change when="2026-09-04T10:28:26" who="Anna Martelli"></change>
            
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    <facsimile>
        <graphic url="https://cil.bbaw.de/ace/resources/PH/0020001-0025000/PH0022762.jpg"><desc>Source: CIL/ACE KO0013630
(c) W. Kuhoff 1983</desc></graphic>
        
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    <text>
        <body>
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="la">
                <ab type="praescriptum">
<div type="textpart" subtype="line" n="Above frame:">
<lb n="1"/><expan><abbr>D</abbr><ex>is</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>M</abbr><ex>anibus</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>s</abbr><ex>acrum</ex></expan>.
</div>
<div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="Within frame:" part="beginning">
<lb n="2"/><expan><abbr>Ael</abbr><ex>io</ex></expan> Her<hi rend="ligature">me</hi>
<lb n="3" break="no"/>roti, <choice><reg>aurigae</reg><orig><hi rend="ligature">au</hi>rig<hi rend="small">e</hi></orig></choice>,
<lb n="4"/>defunct<hi rend="small">o</hi>
<lb n="5"/><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">Il</supplied>ici, <expan><abbr><hi rend="ligature">an</hi>n</abbr><ex>orum</ex></expan> <num value="23">XX<hi rend="small">III</hi></num>.
<lb n="6"/><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">He</supplied>rmia, <expan><abbr>s</abbr><ex>ervus</ex></expan>
<lb n="7"/><expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">r</supplied></abbr><ex>ei</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">p</supplied></abbr><ex>ublicae</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor"><hi rend="ligature">Va</hi>l</supplied></abbr><ex>eriensis</ex></expan>,
<lb n="8"/><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">f</supplied><supplied reason="lost">ili</supplied><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">o</supplied> <choice><reg>incomparabili</reg><orig><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">in</supplied><lb n="9" break="no"/><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">conpara</supplied><lb n="10" break="no"/>bili</orig></choice>.</div></ab> <ab><div type="textpart" subtype="section" part="end"><lg met="hemiepes"><l met="hemiepes"><expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">S</supplied></abbr><ex>it</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">t</supplied></abbr><ex>ibi</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">t</supplied></abbr><ex>erra</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">l</supplied></abbr><ex>evis</ex></expan>.</l></lg>
</div></ab>
<ab>
<div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="Below frame:">
<lg met="iambic.senarius">
<l met="iambic.senarius"><lb n="11"/>Freque<hi rend="small">n</hi>s, viator, <lb n="12"/>s<hi rend="ligature">ae</hi><supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">pe</supplied> <supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">qui</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">t</supplied>r<hi rend="ligature">an</hi>si<supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">s</supplied>, <supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">lege:</supplied></l>
<l met="iambic.senarius"><lb n="13"/>nat<supplied reason="undefined" evidence="previouseditor">us</supplied> pro te su<supplied reason="lost">m</supplied></l>
</lg>
<lb n="14"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="2" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="character"/>
</div>
</ab>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <p>Text follows CIL 02 (2nd ed.). Picture checked by Spalla 2025.
ll. 11-13: hexameters, Hübner; Hernández Pérez 2001.</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en" resp="Fabio Spalla">
                <p>Above frame:
Sacred to the Manes.

Within frame:
To the charioteer Aelius Hermeros, twenty-three years old, who died at Ilici. Hermia, public slave of Valeria, dedicated this to his incomparable son. May the earth be light upon you.

Below frame:
Traveller, who often walks by, read: I was born for you ...</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="English" resp="J. B. Thigpen">
                <p>Sacred to the divine Manes: for Aelius Hermes, charioteer, who died at Ilici, aged 23; Hermia, public slave of Valeria, for an incomparable son; may the earth be light upon you. Frequent wayfarer, you who often pass (me) by, read: born for you, I am [laid to rest by an unjust fate.]</p>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="Spanish" resp="A. Rodríguez Colmenero">
                <p>Consagración a los Dioses Manes. A Aelio Ermeroto, auriga muerto en Ilici (¿Alcudia de Elche?), de 23 años de edad. Graciano... lo dedica a su incomparable amigo(?). Que la tierra te sea leve. Habitual caminante, que tan frecuentemente pasas por aquí, lee: he nacido primero.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="Spanish" resp="A. Ceballos Hornero">
                <p>Consagrado a los dioses Manes. Para el auriga Aelius Hermeros, muerto en Ilici a los 23 años. Hermia, siervo de la ciudad de Valeria, a su hijo incomparable. Séate la tierra leve. Caminante, que pasas por aquí con frequencia, lee: nací...</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>Dating proposed by Alföldy, Gimeno Pascual and del Hoyo (CIL 02 [2nd ed.]). Hübner proposes a dating to the end of the 1st century AD, though providing no criteria. Hailey considers the reign of Hadrian as a terminus post quem for the inscription, based on the D(is) M(anibus) formula and the abbreviated name Ael(io). Caballos Hornero proposes a dating to the 3rd century AD, though providing no criteria.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography">
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl>CIL 02, 03181</bibl>
                    <bibl>CLE 00123</bibl>
                    <bibl>ILER 05705</bibl>
                    <bibl>CIL 02 (2nd ed.), 00987</bibl>
                    <bibl>E. Hübner, Los más antiguos poetas de la península. In: J. Valera (ed.), Homenaje á Menéndez y Pelayo en el año vigésimo de su profesorado. Estudios de erudición española. Con un prólogo de Juan Valera, Vol. 2, Madrid 1899, 355-356 (also on alternative metre and dating)</bibl>
                    <bibl>J. Cholodniak, Carmina sepulcralia latina epigraphica, Petersburg 1904, 388, no. 1063.</bibl>
                    <bibl>S. Mariner Bigorra, Inscripciones hispanas en verso, Madrid 1952, 13, 38.</bibl>
                    <bibl>A. Rodríguez Colmenero, Epigrafía. In: M. Osuna Ruiz (ed.), Valeria romana I. Memoria de los trabajos arqueológicos efectuados de 1974 a 1976, Cuenca 1978, 117.</bibl>
                    <bibl>A. Rodríguez Colmenero, Cuenca romana. Contribución al estudio epigráfico, Lucentum 1 (1982), 216-217, no. 36 (with Spanish translation and photo, 241, tab. 3)</bibl>
                    <bibl>E. W. Haley, Foreigners in Roman imperial Spain: investigations of geographical mobility in the Spanish provinces of the Roman Empire 30 B.C.-A.D. 284, Columbia University, New York, 265, nr. 515, 360, n. 662 (also on alternative dating)</bibl>
                    <bibl>J. Humphrey, Roman circuses. Arenas for chariot racing, London 1986, 350.</bibl>
                    <bibl>G. Alföldy, Römisches Städtewesen auf der neukastilischen Hochebene: ein Testfall für die Romanisierung. Vorgetragen am 25. Oktober 1986, Heidelberg 1987, 86, 117.</bibl>
                    <bibl>V. Smirin, Die Sklaverei im römischen Spanien. In: E. Štaerman (ed.), Die Sklaverei in den westlichen Provinzen des Römischen Reiches im 1.-3. Jahrhundert. Übersetzung von Jaroslav Kriz unter Mitwirkung von Heinz Heinen und Elisabeth Hermann-Otto, Stuttgart 1987, 92.</bibl>
                    <bibl>C. Fernández Martínez, Poesía epigráfica latina I, Madrid 1998, 137, no. 123 (Spanish translation of the iambic senarii)</bibl>
                    <bibl>R. Hernández Pérez, Poesía latina sepulcral de la Hispania romana: estudios de los tópicos y sus formulaciones, Valencia 2001, 200, 226 (also on alternative metre)</bibl>
                    <bibl>R. Hernández Pérez, La tradición de métrica yámbica en la epigrafía latina de la Hispania romana. In: J. del Hoyo (ed.), J. Gómez Pallarès (ed.), Asta ac pellege. 50 años de la ublicación de Inscripciones Hispanas en Verso, de S. Mariner, Madrid 2002, 71-72.</bibl>
                    <bibl>A. Ceballos Hornero, Los espectáculos en la Hispania romana. La documentación epigráfica, Vol. 2, Mérida 2004, 421-423, nr. 75 (with Spanish translation; also on alternative dating)</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://institucional.us.es/cleo/index.php/inscripcion/CU1/?lang=es | CLEO CU1</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://edcs.hist.uzh.ch/monument/05502593 | EDCS-05502593</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://hepol.uah.es/pub/record_card_1.php?rec=9315 | HEpOl 9315</bibl>
                    <bibl>https://www.mqdq.it/textsce/CE|ce|0123 | MQDQ</bibl>
                    
                </listBibl>
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